Oxygen: Abundant and Essential
Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, making up about 46% of its mass. However, the air we breathe contains only 21% oxygen. The rest is mainly nitrogen and other gases.
Oxygen in the Periodic Table
Oxygen belongs to the group of elements called chalcogens, alongside sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. These elements all share group 16 in the periodic table. The word “chalcogen” translates to “ore maker.”
For those interested in the specifics, oxygen has an atomic number of 8, balanced by an equal number of protons and electrons. Its atomic weight is 15.999. Usually, you’ll find oxygen in an oxidation state of -2, though it can also exist in states -1, 0, +1, and +2.
Other Properties of Oxygen and General Chemistry
Although oxygen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that doesn’t burn, it can be dangerous in certain situations. When mixed with fuel, liquid oxygen becomes highly explosive. Additionally, it can cause frostbite if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes, and inhaling pure oxygen can lead to health issues like nausea, pulmonary edema, or even collapse.
Oxygen becomes a slightly bluish liquid at -183 degrees Celsius and has a water solubility of ml/100ml at 20 degrees Celsius.
How Oxygen Molecules are Formed
Oxygen atoms are neutral, each containing eight protons and eight electrons. Molecules form when two or more atoms join together. When two oxygen atoms bond, they create molecular oxygen (O2). This diatomic molecule is what we need for respiration and life support.
In 2011, scientists detected molecular oxygen in space. This could hint at the possibility of extraterrestrial life. While individual oxygen atoms had been known to exist in space, the discovery of diatomic molecules was groundbreaking. The findings from European and American space agencies suggest that oxygen is trapped in ice covering tiny dust grains. When starlight warms these icy grains, water is released and converted into diatomic oxygen molecules.
Oxygen in Our Lives
Humans and animals breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, while plants do the opposite—they take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
In emergencies, supplemental oxygen is often provided when someone has impaired oxygenation. Various conditions like anaphylaxis can hinder oxygenation, and pure oxygen can also treat carbon monoxide poisoning.
A more recent medical application of oxygen is hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This treatment involves placing a person in a pressurized glass chamber where they breathe oxygen at higher-than-normal levels. A technician gradually increases the pressure, which can be 1.5 to 3 times greater than the normal atmospheric pressure. This therapy is believed to enhance the body’s healing capabilities and speed up recovery.
Oxygen also has applications in cleansing and strengthening the human body. For instance, Oxy-Powder is a vegan, natural, oxygen-based colon cleanser. It helps improve nutrient absorption and promotes digestive health by cleaning the colon and small intestine. This product uses monoatomic, time-release oxygen to relieve bloating and occasional constipation, effectively flushing out toxins and supporting overall health and longevity.
